关于灯泡的问题

cbz2010

看了几天有些糊涂。请问各位老大：氙生气灯泡和HID灯泡是不是一回事？谢谢了

一酒八妻

不是

氙气灯泡本质上还是白炽灯，只是因为玻璃壳内填充的是惰性气体，亮度相对较高

HID是高压气体放电灯，原理不同，且发光效率要远高于白炽灯

1448441

1987兄正解，HOHO

氙气灯泡一般是灯泡中充入氙气，实际用电池直接驱动就可以了

HID可以想象为日光灯，需要安定器D

benjamin

都说完了，我就不重复了

edifier333

氙气灯和HID是一回事

　氙气灯HID就是High intensity Discharge 高压气体放电灯的英文缩写，可称为重金属灯或氙气灯。 它的原理是在UV-cut抗紫外线水晶石英玻璃管内，以多种化学气体充填，其中大部份为氙气（Xenon）与碘化物等惰性气体，然后再透过增压器（Ballast）将车上12伏特的直流电压瞬间增压至23000伏特的电压，经过高压震幅激发石英管内的氙气电子游离，在两电极之间产生光源，这就是所谓的气体放电。而由氙气所产生的白色超强电弧光，可提高光线色温值，类似白昼的太阳光芒，HID工作时所需的电流量仅为3.5A，亮度是传统卤素灯泡的三倍，使用寿命比传统卤素灯泡长10倍。

edifier333

汽车上的氙气灯就是这么工作的，氙气手电筒应该是一样的，只不过安定器的体积更小，灯泡和安定器的散热不能和汽车上比，所以不适合长时间点亮

cbz2010

多谢解答，我看了怎么更糊涂了。貌似两种答案矛盾。是不是应该信版主的？edifier兄把氙气HID放在一起说了，是不是指HID的一种，或者HID里装的也是氙气？

我爱远射

貌似楼上都对，8楼总结

titandyl

Xenon HID lights are the brilliant, blue/white lights that first appeared on luxury and high performance cars and are now becoming available on an entire range of cars, trucks and SUVs. HID lights provide twice the light of conventional halogen lights for the ultimate in driving safety.
Philips is the world leader and innovator in the design, development, and production of Xenon HID lighting.

针对这个问题我仔细研究了一下，觉得可能...也许...是这样的：
      我们现在说的HID应该包含氙气灯，
（High-intensity discharge，簡稱HID）燈泡包含了下列這些種類的電燈：水銀燈、金屬鹵化燈（也稱作HQI）、高壓鈉燈、低壓鈉燈、高壓水銀燈，以及較少見的短弧氙氣燈。這些燈泡種類的發光元件是一顆置於耐高溫燈管（弧光管）內安定的電弧放電器，並有超過 3 W/cm² (19.4 W/in.²) 的發光能力。
      最早的时候是卤素灯，后来在卤素灯里注入一定量的氙气，再后来发展成无灯丝高压放电。
我的理解HID的定义范围比氙气灯要大，或者说氙气灯是HID的一种，也是现今最高级的形式。
（英文部分摘自PHILIPS官方网站，繁体字部分摘自维基百科）

titandyl

HID氙气灯工作原理
HID氙气灯即高亮度气体放电灯，是金属卤化物灯的高端顶级产品，其发光原理和过程都很复杂，内部充有常温下9Kg/cm2的高纯（99.999%）昂贵稀有气体—氙气，并加入微量特定比例的金属卤化物，如碘化钠、碘化钾、碘化铯、碘化钪及微量金属汞等。在瞬间高电压下拉弧启动，被加速的电子碰撞灯内汽化并处于等离子态的金属离子，使其能级跃迁，当激化态的离子外层电子驰豫回到低能级稳定态时，便发出该物质（如气态金属）的特征光谱，这里主要发出金属原子光谱，如钠、钾、铯、钪和汞等原子光谱。由于不同金属的原子光谱色温不同，改变金属或金属卤化物的配方和灯内总气压，色温可轻易地在2000K—10000K之间变化。
摘自网络

titandyl

How HID Technology Works
The technology in high intensity discharge is in some ways similar to fluorescent technology: an arc is established between two electrodes in a gas-filled tube which causes a metallic vapor to produce radiant energy. In this case, however, a combination of factors shifts the wavelength of much of this energy to within the visible range, so light is produced without any phosphors. In addition, the electrodes are only a few inches apart (at opposite ends of a sealed “arc tube”) and the gases in the tube are highly pressurized. This allows the arc to generate extremely high temperatures, causing metallic elements within the gas atmosphere to vaporize and release large amounts of visible radiant energy. There are three main types of HID lamps: mercury vapor, metal halide and sodium. The names refer to the elements that are added to the gases in the arc stream which cause each type to have somewhat different color characteristics and overall lamp efficiency.

Ballasts and Warm-Up Time
Like any gaseous discharge light source, HID lamps have special electrical requirements that must be supplied by a ballast. With HID sources, however, the ballast must be specifically designed for the lamp type and wattage being used. In addition, HID lamps require a warm-up period to achieve full light output. Even a momentary loss of power can cause the system to restrike and have to warm up again—a process that can take several minutes. In applications where constant illumination is important for safety and security, a backup system is often required. The LUMALUX® Standby lamp offers instant restrike capabilities once power is restored, making it an ideal choice for applications where safety is a concern.

Metal Halide Lamps
Metal halide lamps, such as the SYLVANIA METALARC® products, are among the most energy efficient sources of white light available today. These lamps feature special chemical compounds known as “halides” that produce light in most regions of the spectrum. They offer high efficacy, excellent color rendition, long service life and good lumen maintenance. Because of their numerous advantages, metal halide lamps are used extensively in outdoor applications and in commercial interiors. Recently, a wide range of low wattage METALARC® lamps has been developed, offering high performance in a more compact size and bringing HID benefits to applications such as retail and display . There is also an entire family of metal halide lamps called METALARC® Ceramic that employs ceramic arc tube technology to improve color rendition and consistency. METALARC PRO-TECH® lamps represent an additional innovation, featuring a special shroud that surrounds the arc tube, enabling use in open fixtures.

Sodium Lamps
High-pressure sodium sources, such as SYLVANIA’s LUMALUX® lamps, were developed primarily for their energy efficiency. Mercury and sodium vapors in the ceramic arc tube produce a yellow/orange light with extremely high LPW performance and exceptionally long service life (up to 40,000 hours). High-pressure sodium lamps render colors poorly, which tends to limit their use to outdoor and industrial applications where high efficacy and long life are priorities. Variations within the LUMALUX family of lamps include a Standby version with 2 arc tubes for rapid re-strike after power interruption. LUMALUX PLUS® ECO® eliminates cycling at end-of-life. Low pressure sodium sources, are also available. Since these lamps produce light at only one wavelength in the yellow region of the spectrum, they are used where energy efficiency and long life are the only requirements.

Mercury Vapor Lamps
Mercury vapor is the oldest HID technology. The mercury arc produces a bluish light that renders colors poorly. Therefore, most mercury vapor lamps have a phosphor coating that alters the color temperature and improves color rendering to some extent. Other HID types that offer higher LPW and better color properties have largely superceded the use of this lamp.
摘自OSRAM SYLVANIA 官方网站