ANSI/NEMA FL 1-2009 （手电基本性能标准）

ManChow

科普贴，好啊！
不过运行时间这个定义，用7135岂不是比63000要强？没有考虑亮度曲线吗?
ytwiger 发表于 2011-4-24 20:58

                               
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在这个标准下，真的可能是这样的。

ANSI标准，好像并没有就“恒流”、“恒定亮度”有任何定义

funder

任何标准都是有空子可钻的，比如这个续航时间，最有利的方式就是高亮几分钟以后就跳到比10%高一点，这样标称的光通量仍然很高，续航则长了很多倍。

ManChow

多谢二位前辈解惑，看来这个标准还有出二版的潜力
ytwiger 发表于 2011-4-24 21:55

                               
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。。。这个已经是我知道的第二版了，本来还有一个FL 1-2008的说{:1_255:}

ManChow

1.2.9 Light Measuring Device 光测量装置

A light measuring device is a commercially available device that is used to measure the amount of light striking a surface from a given source. Typically, this device is calibrated during manufacture to ensure a certain level of accuracy for the user. Also known as “light meters,” “photometers,” and in some cases can be systems based on CCD cameras or other technologies. The device should be calibrated to the CIE eye response curve.

光测量设备，是一个在商业上应用的终端设备，用于测量一个光源照射到一个表面。通常情况下，此设备是在制造过程中已经被校准，以确保提供给用户一定水平的准确度。此设备也被称为“照度计”，“光度计”，并在某些情况下，可以是CCD相机或其它技术为基础的系统。该设备应以国际照明委员会（CIE）眼响应曲线进行校准。

ManChow

额…标准不怕有漏洞，让人可以打打擦边球不要紧，这个漏洞有点大了，奔着过来就可以穿裆而过了。以后商家的筒子不上曲线，直接说根据这个标准续航多少多少那可不敢相信吧，还是期待然三版吧:)谢谢周图案科普 ...
ytwiger 发表于 2011-4-24 22:11

                               
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不客气，呵呵{:1_270:}

ManChow

1.2.10 Surface Light Intensity 表面光强

Surface Light Intensity is defined in this standard as surface illuminance and is measured in units of lux.

表面光强在这个标准的定义，是在一个表面上，以勒克斯（lux）为衡量单位的照度标准。

flybike007.

再来学习。

ManChow

1.2.11 Integrating Sphere 积分球

For the intent of this standard, an integrating sphere is a measurement device with an entrance port that can accept all the directional light output of the device under test, or can totally enclose the device itself.

The walls of the sphere should be highly diffuse with high reflectivity (>80%) and the spectroradiometer should be shielded from direct view of the device under test by a baffle system.

就本标准的出发点，积分球是一个具有入口端口，在测试时，可以接受测试设备所发出的，定向的光输出，或者可以完全包围测试设备本身的测量设备。

积分球的墙壁，应该是高度漫射及高反射率(>80%)，积分球内的光谱仪，应该由挡板系统屏蔽来自被测设备的直接照射。

ManChow

1.2.11 Integrating Sphere 积分球

For the intent of this standard, an integrating sphere is a measurement device with an entrance port that can accept all the directional light output of the device under test, or can totally enclose the device itself.

The walls of the sphere should be highly diffuse with high reflectivity (>80%) and the spectroradiometer should be shielded from direct view of the device under test by a baffle system.

就本标准的出发点，积分球是一个具有入口端口，在测试时，可以接受测试设备所发出的，定向的光输出，或者可以完全包围测试设备本身的测量设备。

积分球的墙壁，应该是高度漫射及高反射率(>80%)，积分球内的光谱仪，应该由挡板系统屏蔽来自被测设备的直接照射。

gauss09

强大 顶

Tamm

插队学习，谢谢团长！辛苦了！

ManChow

Section 2 第二部分

TEST METHODS 测试方法

2.1 GENERAL 基准

2.1.1 Lab Conditions 测试环境

Lab conditions shall be a controlled temperature of 22 ± 3 °C and a relative humidity of 50% nominal,
80% maximum.

测试环境应该控制在环境温度为 22 ± 3 °C，相对湿度 以50%为准，最高相对湿度是80%

Ambient light conditions shall be the minimum of the following two options: 1 lux or no more than 10% of
the lowest value measured during any test.

测试环境的光亮度，测试条件应该是以下两种中选择最低一项：环境的亮度为1 lux，或者在任何测试时，不多于测量出来的最低值的10%

Designated (light) measuring equipment shall be annually calibrated by an accredited commercial third
party service showing traceability to NIST standards. Records shall be kept of the calibration history.

指定的（光）测量设备，应该每年由认可的第三方商业机构，并可以显示溯源至NIST（National Institute of Standards and Technology）标准的机构来校准。校准的历史记录应当保存。

** The NIST is a federal technology agency that works with industry to develop and apply technology, measurements, and standards.

NIST是一个联邦机构，参与工业界的技术开发和应用，工程技术和厘定测量和标准

2.1.2 Sampling Selection 测试样本选择

All samples must be representative of final production products. If multiple light output grades are used in
the product, the test specimens must use the lowest light output grade offered.

所有样本必须是可以代表为最终生产的产品。如果产品中有多个不同光输出的等级，测试样本必须使用被提供的最低光输出等级那一种。

ManChow

2.2 BEAM DISTANCE 射程

Note—The same test data set shall be used for both beam distance and peak beam intensity.

注意 - 同一个测试样本，将会同时用于射程测试及峰值光束强度测试

2.2.1 Purpose 目的

To provide a procedure to determine the maximum distance at which the device is capable of producing 0.25 lux of light within 30 s to 2 min of operation.

为了提供一个程序，以确定该设备在刚开始点亮的30秒至两分钟时间内，能够产生0.25勒克斯的光的最大射程距离

2.2.2 Power Source 电源

All tests are conducted with fresh batteries or fully charged batteries/energy storage devices.

所有的测试，都应该是用新的电池，或经过充满电的电池或者是能源储存装置为电源。

12V DC devices that are only tethered shall be powered with 13.8V DC using a power supply.

使用12V直流为电源的设备，只能使用、栓上能提供13.8V的直流供电电源

Batteries used for testing and claim substantiation shall be of the same type and/or brand as those offered for sale with the product.

用于测试和声明使用的电池，应是同一类型，和/或与该品牌产品一同出售的电池

If the product is sold without batteries and a beam distance claim is made, a specific battery type and chemistry shall be recommended with the package. The batteries recommended by the manufacturer are to be used for testing.

如果产品销售不包括电池，但有标明射程，设备制造商应该在包装上，推荐一个具体类型的电池和电池种类。由制造商建议使用的电池，将被用于测试。


2.2.3 Conditions 测试环境

Tests will be conducted at lab conditions—see clause 2.1.1.

测试将会根据上列第2.1.1的测试环境来进行

2.2.4 Apparatus 仪器

A timing device, a distance measuring device, and a light measuring device that measures in units of lux
shall be used. Minimum aperture area shall be 100 mm².

测试将会使用一个计时装置，一个距离测量设备，及一个在照度单位为lux的光测量设备（比如照度计）。最小孔径面积为100平方毫米。

2.2.5 Procedures 测试程序

Place the light measuring device at a test distance of either 2 or 10 or 30 meters from the front of the surface of the lens of the device to be tested. The test distance chosen shall be at least 10 times the largest dimension of the device’s lens or output height or width.

从该测试设备的镜片表面起算，放置照度计在距离该设备2米，或者是10米，或30米的前面，选择的测试距离，应该是起码十倍于测试设备的镜片表面最大尺寸，或者是输出高度或宽度的最大尺寸。

Use the light measuring device to identify and record the highest indicated value.

使用照度计去鉴定，并记录下最高的标示值。

Measurements shall be taken 30 s to 2 min of turning on the device.

测量须于该测试设备打开的30秒至2分钟内进行。

2.2.6 Final calculations 最终计算方法

Use the Inverse Square Law to calculate the beam distance to 0.25 lux as follows:

使用平方反比法计算射程为0.25勒克斯如下：

Surface light intensity x (distance)2 = peak beam intensity

表面的光强度，乘以距离的两次方，等于峰值光束强度

√( peak beam intensity /0.25) = Max Beam Distance

峰值光束强度除以0.25，然后再开方，等于最大射程


where:

在这里：

Surface light intensity is in lux (lx)

表面的光强度，是以勒克斯为单位（lux）

Distance and Max Beam Distance are in meters (m)

距离及最大射程是以米（M）为单位

Peak beam intensity is in candela (cd)

峰值光束强度是以坎德拉（cd - 烛光亮度）为单位

The reported value shall be the highest calculated beam distance of the values measured in clause 2.2.5.

报告使用的值，应是以第2.2.5项中，从测量得来的最高射程计算值

The published figure shall be the average of the results of the three devices tested. Round to whole numbers following standard rounding rules.

公布的数字，应该是以提供测试的三个样本，测试结果的平均数，以标准四舍五入为整数的规则来公布。

Tamm

这样的计算也有个漏洞：如果聚光系统调校成光束出光杯之后有交叉，测试结果会完全不同。

xsqy1

坐着听讲座！

ManChow

2.3 PEAK BEAM INTENSITY 峰值光束强度

Note—The same test data set shall be used for both beam distance and peak beam intensity.

注意 - 同一个测试样本，将会同时用于射程测试及峰值光束强度测试

2.3.1 Purpose 目的

To provide a procedure to determine the peak beam intensity, reported in units of candela, of the device’s beam pattern within 30 s to 2 min of operation.

为了提供一个程序，以确定该设备在刚开始点亮的30秒至两分钟时间内，以坎德拉为单位，报告峰值光束强度

2.3.2 Power Source 电源

All tests are conducted with fresh batteries or fully charged batteries/energy storage devices.

所有的测试，都应该是用新的电池，或经过充满电的电池或者是能源储存装置为电源。

12V DC devices that are only tethered shall be powered with 13.8V DC using a power supply.

使用12V直流为电源的设备，只能使用、栓上能提供13.8V的直流供电电源

Batteries used for testing and claim substantiation shall be of the same type and/or brand as those offered for sale with the product.

用于测试和声明使用的电池，应是同一类型，和/或与该品牌产品一同出售的电池

If the product is sold without batteries and a beam distance claim is made, a specific battery type and chemistry shall be recommended with the package. The batteries recommended by the manufacturer are to be used for testing.

如果产品销售不包括电池，但有标明射程，设备制造商应该在包装上，推荐一个具体类型的电池和电池种类。由制造商建议使用的电池，将被用于测试。

2.3.3 Conditions 测试环境

Tests will be conducted at lab conditions—see clause 2.1.1.

测试将会根据上列第2.1.1的测试环境来进行

Testing should be performed in a dark environment where the ambient conditions are determined to be less than 1 lux in the entire test area prior to the test.

测试环境的光亮度，应该是以全黑的环境为测试条件，而在测试前，整个环境的亮度，应该小于1 lux。

If the device offers multiple output levels, the peak beam intensity will be measured at the maximum level or as otherwise identified.

如果该设备提供多档输出亮度，峰值光束强度将会量度最高档的亮度，或者是说明那一个档位的亮度。

If the device has variable focusing or adjustable beam angle, the peak beam intensity will be measured at the focus level or beam angle that produces the maximum beam intensity or as otherwise identified.

如果该设备提供可调教焦距，或者是可调光束角度，峰值光束强度将会量度最聚光或者光束角度能提供最大的光束强度的调教，或者是加以说明的调教方式。

2.3.4 Apparatus 仪器

A timing device, a distance measuring device, and a light measuring device that measures in units of lux shall be used. Minimum aperture area shall be 100 mm².

测试将会使用一个计时装置，一个距离测量设备，及一个在照度单位为lux的光测量设备（比如照度计）。最小孔径面积为100平方毫米。

2.3.5 Procedures 测试程序

Place the light measuring device at a test distance of either 2 or 10 or 30 meters from the front of the surface of the lens of the device to be tested. The test distance chosen shall be at least 10 times the largest dimension of the device’s lens or output height or width.

从该测试设备的镜片表面起算，放置照度计在距离该设备2米，或者是10米，或30米的前面，选择的测试距离，应该是起码十倍于测试设备的镜片表面最大尺寸，或者是输出高度或宽度的最大尺寸。

Use the light measuring device to identify and record the highest indicated value.

使用照度计去鉴定，并记录下最高的标示值。

Measurements shall be taken 30 s to 2 min of turning on the device.

测量须于该测试设备打开的30秒至2分钟内进行。

2.3.6 Final calculations 最终计算方法

Surface light intensity x (distance)2 = peak beam intensity

表面的光强度，乘以距离的两次方，等于峰值光束强度

where:

在这里：

Surface light intensity is in lux (lx)

表面的光强度，是以勒克斯为单位（lux）

Peak beam intensity is in candela (cd)

峰值光束强度是以坎德拉（cd - 烛光亮度）为单位

The reported value shall be the highest calculated peak beam intensity of the values measured at test distances in clause 2.3.5.

报告使用的值，应是以第2.3.5项中，从测试距离测量得来的峰值光束强度计算值

The published figure shall be the average of the results of the three devices tested. Round to whole numbers following standard rounding rules.

公布的数字，应该是以提供测试的三个样本，测试结果的平均数，以标准四舍五入为整数的规则来公布。

ManChow

2.4 RUN TIME 续航

2.4.1 Purpose 目的

To provide a procedure to determine the amount of time elapsed (under continuous operation) at which the device’s light output reaches a level when users will commonly replace the batteries.

提供一个程序，以确定续航的时间（在连续工作下），这个时间是指，测试设备的光输出，达到一个水平时，用户通常就会更换电池的时间。

2.4.2 Power Source 电源

All tests are conducted with fresh batteries or fully charged batteries/energy storage devices.

所有的测试，都应该是用新的电池，或经过充满电的电池或者是能源储存装置为电源。

Batteries used for testing and claim substantiation shall be of the same type and/or brand as those offered for sale with the product.

用于测试和声明使用的电池，应是同一类型，和/或与该品牌产品一同出售的电池

If the product is sold without batteries and a beam distance claim is made, a specific battery type and chemistry shall be recommended with the package. The batteries recommended by the manufacturer are to be used for testing.

如果产品销售不包括电池，但有标明续航时间，设备制造商应该在包装上，推荐一个具体类型的电池和电池种类。由制造商建议使用的电池，将被用于测试。

2.4.3 Conditions 测试环境

Tests will be conducted at lab conditions—see clause 2.1.1.

测试将会根据上列第2.1.1的测试环境来进行

Testing should be performed in a dark environment where the ambient conditions are determined to be less than 1 lux in the entire test area prior to taking an actual measurement with a light measuring device.

测试将会在一个全黑的环境下进行，而在测试及使用照度计量度准确的数据之前，该测试环境应被定义为是少于1 lux的一个环境。

If the device offers multiple output levels, the run time will be measured at the maximum level or as otherwise identified.

如果该设备提供多档输出亮度，峰值光束强度将会量度最高档的亮度，或者是说明那一个档位的亮度。

The device shall be securely mounted for testing after the batteries have been inserted.

测试设备应该在放入电池后，牢牢地固定着。

2.4.4 Apparatus 仪器

A timing device and a light measuring device shall be used.

测试将会使用一个计时装置，及一个对光的测量设备（比如照度计）。

2.4.5 Initial and End Point 初始及结束点

The initial reading is taken at 30 s of continuous operation. When using a light measuring device, ensure that the distance from the front surface of the device to the sensor is identical for initial and end point measurements.

开始读数是在测试设备打开后的三十秒内。当使用照度仪的时候，必须确保在初始及结束其间，仪器的探测头和测试设备之间的距离，是一致的。

The light is operated continuously without any off time. (NOTE—If the device has an auto shut off mechanism, the operator must restart the light within 15 s for the test to be valid.)

测试设备必须是连续操作，并没有任何的关闭时间。（注意 - 如果测试设备是有自动关闭的机制，测试操作者必须在15秒内重新启动设备，测试方为有效。）

Periodic light measurements and corresponding time values are recorded, and the end point is reached when the output value reaches 10% of the initial value for each sample.

在测试其间，周期性的光测量和相应的时间值，应该被记录下来；当每个样品，到达最初亮度（初始值）的10％亮度时，定义为到达完结点。

Record run time for each sample.

记录每个测试样本的续航时间。

2.4.6 Final Calculation 最后计算方法

Run Time is the average run time of the 3 samples. A run time less than one hour is reported in minutes; more than 1 hour but less than 10 hours is reported in hours and minutes, rounded to the nearest 15 min.

续航是指三个样本的续航时间的平均值。如果续航是少于一个小时，应该以分钟为记录单位；多于一个小时而少于十个小时的，小时和分钟两个单位都要记录，并四舍五入至最近的15分钟内。

For 10 hours or more, report the run time only in hours. Standard rounding rules apply.

如果是多于十个小时的，使用四舍五入法，只记录“小时”一个单位。

ManChow

2.5 LIGHT OUTPUT 光输出

2.5.1 Purpose 目的

To provide a procedure for the measurement of the total luminous flux (lumens) emitted by the device.

为了提供一个程序，来量度测试对象的总发光亮度（流明）

2.5.2 Power Supply 电源

All tests are conducted with fresh batteries or fully charged batteries/energy storage devices.

所有的测试，都应该是用新的电池，或经过充满电的电池或者是能源储存装置为电源。

12V DC devices that are only tethered shall be powered with 13.8V DC using a power supply.

使用12V直流为电源的设备，只能使用、栓上能提供13.8V的直流供电电源

Batteries used for testing and claim substantiation shall be of the same type and/or brand as those offered for sale with the product.

用于测试和声明使用的电池，应是同一类型，和/或与该品牌产品一同出售的电池

If the product is sold without batteries and a beam distance claim is made, a specific battery type and chemistry shall be recommended with the package. The batteries recommended by the manufacturer are to be used for testing.

如果产品销售不包括电池，但有标明射程，设备制造商应该在包装上，推荐一个具体类型的电池和电池种类。由制造商建议使用的电池，将被用于测试。

2.5.3 Conditions 测试环境

Tests will be conducted at lab conditions—see clause 2.1.1.

测试将会根据上列第2.1.1的测试环境来进行

If the device offers multiple output levels, the light output will be measured at the maximum level or as otherwise identified.

如果该设备提供多档输出亮度，光输出将会量度最高档的亮度，或者是说明那一个档位的亮度。

If the device has variable focusing or adjustable beam angle, the light output will be measured at the focus level or beam angle that produces the maximum light output or as otherwise identified.

如果该设备提供可调教焦距，或者是可调光束角度，光输出将会量度最聚光或者光束角度能提供最大的光束强度的调教，或者是加以说明的调教方式。

2.5.4 Apparatus 仪器

An integrating sphere system with a spectroradiometer for spectral mismatch corrections and computing software to measure total light output shall be used.

将会使用一个具有用于光谱失配校正，和计算软件的光谱仪 - 积分球系统测量光输出总量

The minimum sphere diameter shall be equal to or greater than 3 times the maximum diameter of the port on the sphere where light enters it.

球的直径，最小应等于3倍，或大于3倍，积分球用于把测试对象进入端口，该个端口的最大直径

2.5.5 Test Equipment Sampling Calibration 抽样测试设备校准

For each individual model, the test equipment shall be properly calibrated per the test equipment manufacturer’s instructions. The calibration procedure must include a lamp traceable to an NIST standard.

每个型号产品，测试设备应按照制造商的指示，正确校准测试设备。校准过程必须包括这盏灯可追溯的NIST标准。

2.5.6 Procedures 测试程序

Devices are to be securely mounted against an external port adapter or placed inside the sphere.

设备将被用适配器安全地、牢牢地固定着在外部端口，或者直接放在积分球里面

Exposure shall be set to produce test equipment manufacturer’s recommended detector saturation level.

曝光应设置为生产测试设备制造商建议的探测器的饱和水平

For each unique product color sample absorption correction must be completed.

对于每一个个别产品的色样，必须完成吸收校正

Measurements shall be taken at 30 s to 2 min of continuous operation after turning on the device.

测量须于该测试样本连续打开的30秒至2分钟内进行。

2.5.7 Final Calculation 最后计算方法

Light Output is the average lumen value of the 3 samples. Round to whole numbers following standard rounding rules.

光输出是以三个测试样本的平均流明值，以四舍五入法到整数来计算。